Signs and Symptoms of Gum Disease

Four out of five adults have some form of gum disease — and most don’t know, because it rarely hurts early on.

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Quick Answer

Warning Signs to Act On

See a dentist if you notice: gums that bleed when you brush or floss; red, swollen or tender gums; persistent bad breath or a bad taste; gums pulling away so teeth look longer; new gaps opening between teeth; loose or shifting teeth; pus around the gumline; or a change in how your teeth fit together or how a denture sits.

Details

Why It’s So Easy to Miss

Unlike a toothache, gum disease is usually painless in its early and middle stages. The most reliable early sign is bleeding — and many people wrongly assume bleeding when brushing is normal. It isn’t. Healthy gums don’t bleed.

Bleeding Gums Are Never Normal

If your gums bleed when you brush or floss, that is inflammation, and inflammation is infection. It’s the earliest and most treatable signal you’ll get.

Receding Gums and ‘Longer’ Teeth

As gum tissue detaches and bone is lost, more of the tooth becomes visible. Teeth that look longer, or sudden sensitivity to cold at the gumline, often mean recession.

If You Wear a Denture or Partial

A partial denture that suddenly feels loose or rubs differently can indicate the supporting teeth or bone have changed. Don’t just live with it — have it checked.

Smokers: Be Extra Alert

Tobacco reduces blood flow, so smokers often don’t bleed even with significant disease. If you smoke, you can’t rely on bleeding as your warning system — regular professional checks are essential.